Semarkar: The Tibetan Princess Who Shaped the Fate of Zhangzhung

Semarkar (赛玛噶), the Daughter of Namri Songtsen, was a pivotal figure in the political landscape of 7th-century Tibet. Active between 633 and 650 AD, her marriage and intelligence-gathering efforts significantly…

1917 Armed Conflict Along the Sino-Tibetan Border

The armed conflict between Chinese and Tibetan forces erupted once again along the de facto Sino-Tibetan border established in 1912, as tensions escalated in the Riwoche (Leiwuch’i) region, located 40…

Tibetan Buddhist Sculpture: A Reflection of Culture and History

The Unique Style of Tibetan Buddhist Sculpture Tibetan Buddhist sculpture has evolved over centuries by absorbing and blending artistic influences from India, Nepal, Kashmir, and China. This fusion has resulted…

The Unification of Tibet Under the Gelug School: The Oirat-Mongol Influence in 1642

Introduction to Tibetan Unification and Division Before the significant political shifts in 1642, Tibet was characterized by a complex milieu of internal conflicts and divisions that had persisted for approximately…